Theories of Economic Development and Islamic Economics

In Harrod (1939)-Domer (1946) and Solow’s Growth model, the emphasis is on increasing savings and investments and that is supposed to lead to increased productivity corresponding to lower Incremental capital output (ICOR) ratio in Harrod (1939)-Domer (1946) model and hence higher rate of growth and to higher steady state level of output in Solow’s Growth model. Savings that result in investments contribute to growth. Essentially, what leads to growth is investment. Savings are only the source of investment funds.

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Moral Reflections on Economics, Vol 5, Issue 1

January 2025 (Vol 5, Issue 1) issue of Moral Reflections on Economics is online. It features article on Theories of Economic Development and Islamic Economics, Highlights of Global Hunger Report 2024 by Hammad, IEP Public Poll results on Challenges to Banking Sector in 2025, book review of Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam by Allama Iqbal, research paper in focus on The Value of Societal Values in Finance by Carolin Schellhorn, Reflections on Quran and Ethics by Abrar Ahmed and regular sections of market news, economic and financial indicators and call for papers.

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The Political Economics of Green Transitions

The authors caution that democratic politics may or may not help fix dynamic social problems. The authors argue that even in their own optimistic model of politics—where parties maximize average utility of those currently alive— equilibrium policies may not put society on the right path, and the speed of the green transition may be too slow. Climate change and environmental degradation is a slow and cumulative process. To protect environment, the efforts also need to be cumulative and consistent. A self-centric secular worldview encourages the self-centric use of private property resources. However, even small things done collectively and consistently can have a larger effect.

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Doughnut Economics

The author urges responsible attitude towards ―limits to growth‖. The author argues for the equalization of endowments rather than expansion of policies that redistribute current income. Kate Raworth then lists seven ways of thinking about the economy that will help us manage common needs such as water, food, income – the things in the hole of the doughnut – so that humanity lands in the sweet spot rather than drifting past the outer ring – the ecological ceiling — where phenomena like ozone layer depletion thrives.

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Highlights of State of Global Air Report 2024

The threat of air pollution is not new, but it is changing. Air pollution has contributed to death and disease and has hurt economic prospects and community resilience for decades. During that time, policies and technologies have drastically improved air quality in some areas, saving lives, and proving that pollution is not an inevitable by-product of economic development.
Air pollution is a complex mixture of particles and gases with sources and composition varying over space and time. While hundreds of chemical compounds can be measured in the air, governments typically measure only a small subset as indicators of the different types of air pollution and major sources contributing to that pollution.

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