Category: Articles on Islamic Economics

Articles on Islamic Economics

Entrepreneurship from an Islamic Perspective

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Four colleagues discuss plans beside a whiteboard reading “Tijarah (Trade) with Integrity” and “Maqasid al-Shariah.”

The paper outlines twelve foundational Islamic ethical principles and economic controls governing commercial conduct. These include Tawhid (monotheism and ultimate divine accountability), Sidq (honesty in financial reporting and marketing), Amanah (trustworthiness in handling stakeholder resources), Adl and Qist (justice and equity in pricing and employee compensation), Al-Ihsan (striving for excellence and benevolence), Taqwa (God-consciousness), Al-Maslahah Al-Ammah (prioritizing public interest), Al-Ayid Al-Halal (earning only through permissible means), and general social responsibility.

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Key Highlights of World Social Protection Report 2024–26

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Infographic: Key Highlights of World Social Protection Report 2024–26, covering coverage, investment, climate resilience, inequality, technology, and recommendations.

As the world faces the escalating climate crisis, social protection is increasingly recognized as essential for both climate mitigation/adaptation and a just transition. The report argues that strong, universal social protection systems must deliver a dual purpose: protecting people from ordinary life-cycle risks — childhood, unemployment, illness, old age — and supporting climate action. With the planet already 1.1°C warmer and risks of tipping points beyond 2°C, climate change is now the biggest threat to poverty reduction, decent work and social justice.

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Reclaiming Economics as a Moral Science: An Islamic Approach to Monetary Reform 

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Illustration titled ECONOMICS, RECLAIMING ECONOMICS AS A MORAL SCIENCE, AN ISLAMIC APPROACH TO MONETARY REFORM

Prof. Zaman’s paper, ‘Reclaiming Economics as a Moral Science: An Islamic Approach to Monetary Reform’ argues that contemporary monetary reform remains incomplete because it concentrates on technical solutions – such as macro prudential regulation, institutional safeguards, and regulatory redesign – while insufficiently addressing justice and public welfare. He observes that Islamic finance has developed relatively sophisticated mechanisms for micro-level Shari’ah compliance but still lacks comparable institutional capability for governing systemic outcomes in accordance with the public interest. The paper therefore reframes monetary reform as a problem not only of technical design but also of moral governance.

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Key Highlights of the Global Housing Crisis

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Article illustration of the global housing crisis: key highlights. Rising housing costs and unaffordability—costs skyrocket, incomes stagnate; shortage of affordable supply—construction lagging behind demand; high demand and urbanization—population growth and rural-urban migration; speculation and financialization—real estate investment and speculation; homelessness and overcrowding—increased homelessness and poor living conditions; impact of evictions—evictions and housing instability; policy and global response—policy solutions and international cooperation. Labels: Crisis, Global.

The global housing affordability crisis has worsened significantly over the past two decades, driven by supply shortages that expanded from 251 million units in 2010 to 288 million in 2023 alongside global price-to-income ratios jumping from 9.5 to 11.7. This escalation is fuelled by rapid urbanization, soaring construction costs, and speculative financial investment, leaving 44% of global renters spending over 30% of their income on housing. The burden falls heavily on vulnerable groups—such as youth, migrants, and low-income households—widening intergenerational wealth gaps and triggering widespread tenure insecurity and displacement anxiety.

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The Late Dr. Muhammad Umar Chapra

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Dr. Muhammad Umar Chapra (February 1, 1933 – June 13, 2026) was a prominent economist, researcher, professor, and intellectual. During his student days, he was associated with Islami Jamiat-e-Talaba Karachi, and thereafter, throughout his life, he remained actively engaged in the field of knowledge and scholarship as a servant of Islam. As an author of numerous scholarly books and a creative thinker in Islamic economics, he left an indelible mark.

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Is a Crypto Asset Mal? The Hanafi View – Part 3

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Text: CRYPTO Cryptocurrency

Part 2 of this series asked whether crypto assets are property (mal) under the Maliki, Shafi’i, and Hanbali schools. The answer, at the level of the asset class, was yes. But that left one question open: whether specific crypto assets are actually lawful in Shari’ah. That question was deferred, and this series takes it up later, alongside the Hanafi school’s own version of the same question. This part asks whether crypto assets are mal under the Hanafi school, and it needs a part of its own, because the Hanafi school does not approach the question the same way.

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The Determinants of Donors’ Behaviour Toward Islamic Charities: A Phenomenological Inquiry 

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Book cover titled Islamic Charity Research: Mapping the Pathways of Giving edited by Amina Khan and Omar Farooq

This paper investigates the underlying psychological and practical factors that motivate Muslims to pay their mandatory religious alms to specific Charity Organizations (COs) in Pakistan. Moving away from traditional quantitative approaches, the authors employ a qualitative phenomenological design, utilizing in-depth interviews with 16 participants from diverse urban and rural backgrounds.

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Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqi

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The book discusses the vast contributions of Dr. Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqi in disciplines like economics, finance, Islamization, Maqasid-e-Shar’iah and contemporary socio-political and economic issues. As one of the chief contributors in Islamic economics, Dr. Nejatullah Siddiqi firmly believed that Islamization, or the acquisition of knowledge, should not be pursued for the sake of gaining power and authority. Instead, the creation, acquisition, and utilization of knowledge are fundamentally intended for the betterment of humanity. Its goal is not the universal domination of Muslims, but rather the overall welfare of humanity as a whole.

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Key Highlights of Global Energy Review Report 2026

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Infographic showing IEA's 2026 global energy outlook with trends in renewables, electricity demand, emissions, investment, and energy efficiency

Global energy demand grew 1.3% in 2025, slower than 2024’s 2% growth, driven by solar PV (meeting >25% of demand growth) and natural gas (17%). Low-emission sources contributed 60% of growth. Fossil fuel demand rose slower: coal +0.4%, oil +0.65 mb/d, gas +1%. China’s growth slowed to 1.7%, US demand accelerated >2%. CO₂ emissions rose 0.4% to a record 38 Gt, with weather and hydropower shortfalls pushing up emissions by 90 Mt. Advanced economies’ emissions rose 0.5%, while China’s fell 0.5% and India’s dropped for the first time in normal conditions. Solar PV surged 600 TWh, cutting coal generation. The energy transition continues, with renewables and nuclear exceeding global electricity growth.

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Mufti Taqi Usmani’s Fatwa on Cryptocurrency

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Text: CRYPTO Cryptocurrency

This note does not seek to examine the various juristic definitions of māl. Rather, it argues that merely describing cryptocurrencies as digital numbers or ledger entries does not seem sufficient to exclude them from the category of māl. The same description applies to modern banking, electronic money, and numerous forms of intangible financial rights. In fact, what we call fiat currencies—such as the Pakistani Rupee or the US Dollar—have themselves largely become ledger entries. The balances held in bank accounts (including those of Islamic banks) are, in reality, digital records.

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