Modern economies operate on fiat currency, which is legal tender not backed by a physical commodity like gold or silver but by the government that issued it. Because fiat money lacks intrinsic value, its primary distinction is not stability, but the varying velocity of its depreciation. To gain an objective understanding of value, economists often look to hard assets or a basket of goods (a representative sampling of consumer products).
The rate of return for most non-agricultural activities will fall to naught, while the rate of return for farming will soar high. The organized sector, assisted by interest-driven financing, keeps prices of its products and services high by controlling production and employment. Due to the confusion created by the illusion of consistently rising prices, commoners fail to respond effectively.
Financial crises are often linked to unsustainable booms in financial and business cycles. Research shows that credit and house price cycles are closely tied to output cycles. From an Islamic perspective, synchronizing financial and business cycles can promote stability. A Shari’ah-compliant system without interest rates can align the financial cycle with the real economy, bolstering stability.
Islamic Economics Project 