Shah Waliullah in Hujjat Allah Ul Balighah writes that exchange is of different kinds. Goods for goods or goods for services. There are people with surplus funds and some with deficiency of funds. This requires transfer of resources for need fulfillment without counter value as in Zakat and Sadaqat.
This paper mathematically analyzes the two-tier Mudarabah model in an exclusive Islamic financial environment and under dual banking system.
When a common person tries to form an opinion about Islamic banking, he hears cliché sayings about Islamic banking, such as ‘Currently, Islamic banking and finance are not truly Islamic’, ‘It is only changing of conventional terms into Islamic terms’ and ‘Islamic banking is an oxymoron as banking cannot be Islamic’. This brief article discusses some points that will help in better understanding Islamic finance and Islamic banking in particular.
Islamic Economics Project 