Tag: MoneyCreation

Islamic Finance and Money Creation: Sharīʿah Issues and a Reform Proposal

Islamic finance without women

The authors argue that the popular money multiplier model mischaracterizes banks as passive financial intermediaries that collect savings prior to lending out a fraction of reserves. Citing modern empirical literature, such as publications from the Bank of England and contemporary monetary economists, the study demonstrates that modern banks generate deposits endogenously. In this framework, lending creates deposits ex nihilo through double-entry accounting rather than by mobilizing pre-existing client savings. The paper documents that bank-created credit money constitutes the overwhelming majority of broad money in modern economies. They cite empirical estimates showing that electronic deposit money represents approximately 97% of the circulating money supply in the United Kingdom. Similarly, they observe that commercial deposit money accounts for roughly 91% of broad money in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

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Rethinking Modern Money

Team discussing modern money beneath a decentralized finance whiteboard

The inclusion of dedicated sessions during the Muzakarah on The Concept of Modern Money in the Financial System and How It Relates to Money Creation as well as Preliminary Shari’ah Review on the Concept and Operation of Modern Money demonstrates that scholars now consider these issues worthy of independent and systematic examination. The discussions also indicate a shift from limiting the debate to the classical question of whether paper currency assumes the legal status of gold and silver. While this remains an important juristic issue, the contemporary monetary system presents a much broader set of questions.

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