Tag: FractionalReserveSystem

Rethinking Modern Money

Team discussing modern money beneath a decentralized finance whiteboard

The inclusion of dedicated sessions during the Muzakarah on The Concept of Modern Money in the Financial System and How It Relates to Money Creation as well as Preliminary Shari’ah Review on the Concept and Operation of Modern Money demonstrates that scholars now consider these issues worthy of independent and systematic examination. The discussions also indicate a shift from limiting the debate to the classical question of whether paper currency assumes the legal status of gold and silver. While this remains an important juristic issue, the contemporary monetary system presents a much broader set of questions.

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From Ontological to Epistemic–Institutional Halal

Conceptual graphic showing transition from ontological halal focusing on intrinsic nature, divine commands, and raw substances to epistemic-institutional halal involving knowledge, methods, verification, and institutional governance.

Contemporary halal certification represents a fundamental institutional transformation: the shift from an ontological framework in which permissibility is assessed directly against Islamic law to an epistemic-institutional regime in which halal status is constituted through institutional verification. This transformation is a necessary response to the informational conditions of modern economies, but it introduces structural risks—certifier-pay conflicts, interpretive fragmentation, and form-over-substance compliance—that the current institutional framework inadequately addresses.

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